Navigation

Navigating Directories

Each directory is represented by a path:

• . → current directory
• .. → parent directory
• ~ → user’s home directory
• / → root directory

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Main Commands

Command	Description	Example
ls	List the contents of a directory	ls
ls -l	List with details (permissions, size, date)	ls -l
ls -a	Include hidden files (those starting with .)	ls -a
pwd	Print the full path of the current directory	pwd
cd	Change to a specified directory	cd Documents/
cd ..	Move to the parent directory	cd ..
cd ~	Change to the user’s home directory	cd ~
cd /	Change to the root directory	cd /

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Practical Example

cd ~
pwd
ls -la

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Best Practices

• Use ls -la to see all files, including hidden ones.
• Verify your location with pwd before running sensitive commands.
• Use the Tab key for autocompletion.